Misuse of DNA in Homicide Cases Annotated Bibliography

Misuse of deoxyribonucleic acid in Homicide Cases - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe National Commission on the Future of DNA was realized by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in 1998, courtesy of Janet Reno, who was then the attorney general. The aim was to establish the prospects of DNA evidence, and ways of improving its effectiveness, through the department of Justice. This expression has been actually supportive in identifying how the DNA evidence is used for the wrongful intentions. The proposition of recommendations on how to improve DNA evidence has made this condition very useful for my research, as most of other articles have not touched on this issue.This article reports on the progressing data of two hypervariable regions from 50 individuals with no close relationship, all from Germany population. The study reveals that most maternal relatives share mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) series, while there was no evidence of mtDNA transmission in respect to paternity. Th is article goes a long way in helping me to establish how the variability of mtDNA control region series allows utility in forensic characteristics inquiry, which is critical in revealing cases of misuse of DNA in Homicide cases.This article has been used to show how series of mtDNA is being used to typify forensic organic samples, especially in absence of adequate nuclear DNA in specimens for typing. The article has clearly demonstrated how specimens such as teeth, bones and shafts can be subjected to mtDNA examination. This article is very useful as it uses practical demonstration of the same specimens that are used to manipulate evidence during homicide cases. Furthermore, mtDNA series is used to provide tools for typifying biological evidence during DNA tests. The article has essentially added a lot of credence in my research.The authors have noted that a lot of studies have been undertaken in respect to child familiar abuse since 1960s. They have added that, although there has been males sexual abuse as well, this social problem has

Research Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment - Research Paper ExampleThe US import of oats is almost 80% of the total world imports. World intersection is on constant decline from 55.9 million tonnes in 1960-61 to about 23.0 million tonnes in 2010-2011. Russia is the largest producer of oats in the world but does not export each as most of the oats is consumed domestically. (OATS SITUATION AND OUTLOOK 2010)Trade of various good including agricultural commodities between Canada and US is governed by the broad trade agreement gestural by them in the year 1988. Objective of this treaty was to eliminate barriers to trade in services and goods. The agreement facilitates and provides for a fair competition within the free trade area. Oats get benefit of this treaty and Canada being a surplus producer of oats became a largest exporter to US for last several years. The article 408 of this agreement states that in that respect will not be any extra tax, duty or any charge on the export of any good. Moreover, article 603o f this agreement alike establishes that there will be no disguised barriers to trade. (Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement, 1988)In European Union, the Scandinavian countries such as Finland and Sweden are the lede oat producers and exporters too. These two exporters cater to the needs of other EU importing countries. Germany and Spain are the major importers of oat and trades among them are governed as per EU regulations (Europa 2011). Finland and Sweden joined the EU during 1995 and since then they were provided with oat export subsidies until 2006. Major objective for providing subsidy was to prevent those acres getting converted to other crop such as barley. Between 1995 and 2006, EU export to US averaged at 0.4 MT of oats per year however with the withdrawal of the EU subsidy export to the US plummeted to just 0.04MT. Trade among the EU member countries does not tie any levy, or duties. That is the reason most of the oats produced in Finland and Sweden gets consumed in European Union only.Raw

Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Simulation Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Simulation EssayBased on Webpedia (2014), microeconomics is the interaction and behavior of individual components within an economic system. About the swap side, yet, he claims that macroeconomics examines the market as an aggregate. While microeconomics has a slim viewpoint of the market, macroeconomics examines the market from a wide standpoint. In the University of Phoenix disguise (n.d), for instance, Atlantis metropolis is a little and pleasant town with sufficient infrastructure, rendering it acceptable to custom. This is often considered as the macroeconomic view of the town be driving the investigation covers a wide spectrum. The simulation to a greater extent signifies that there exists a low-traffic and hardly any pollution and low-crime rate. This confirms a more narrow outlook of the metropolis, looking at individual elements of the city which makes it contributive living environment. Acceptable infrastructure can b e a generalized notion making it a macroeconomic view of the town.The reference of the parks and nucleotide narrows down the area into two sublets of infrastructure, in other words, home and recreational services. A change to the right of the supply curve would suggest that theres been a ensuant rise in the offer of 2-bedroom flats. This was due to a growth in charter impacted by the truth that a brand new firm, Lintech, go to the town, and there was consequently a population increase along with a subsequent boost in demand of 2-bedroom flats. The entry of new residents had an in earnings, which produced them raise detached houses. Goodlife went farther and converted 400 flats from their 3200 into condos. Equilibrium is the level where the demand and provide curve fulfill in the center. The equilibrium value was initially at $1050 , along with the amount provided was 2000 flat units. A change to the proper in the demand curve, occasioned by means of a growth in populace from Li ntech, raises the speak to of the models supply staying persistent. When it comes to decision making, itll be wise for the provider to raise the supply. Yet, change in the tastes of the customers occasioned by means of a rise in income amounts meant demand would fall.Areduction in need of the 2-bedroom flats on account of modify in tastes lead into a drop in supply, and thus, the demand and also the offer curves would put together to the left. The shift in provide were more compared to the shift in-demand, for instance, it might imply that there testament be a deficit in the equilibrium lease fee significance that supply is going to be lower than whats needed. Meaning, the business will need to offer fewer flat units compared to the potential client is brisk to invest to them. The rental rate would need to increase therefore the amount needed reduces until there exists a decrease in deficit. This technique goes on until a brand new equilibrium point is achieved. These forces ar e at the mercy of different variables to the side of both consumer and provider.For instance, a growth in demand will likely be at the mercy of not only embody, but additionally taste and tastes, the income degree of the customer marketplace and also the size of the marketplace. development of supply can be impacted by several other variables for example cost of associated items, dimension of populace and others. In the telephone sector, for instance, the desire is in general geared by set, but other variables should be placed into play. Why really would one consider purchasing an iPhone when its deemed really pricey? It really is undecomposed since the Apple telephone organization has arch out a market in supplying outstanding quality telephones which are user-friendly. Hence it is imperative to bet about the marketplace tendencies to ensure ones merchandises are almost always useful. Microeconomics, as mentioned before, deals and intermingles together with the individual mode ls of the market. In the real-estate business, microeconomics will take a look in the many living conditions of distinct portions of the town and ascertain who dwells there.Microeconomics might assess the person facets which could change an industry, for instance, growth in income, populace designs and client preferences in real-estate. An adequate place may have fewer lodging components directly proportionate to the few who make high wages, and not as wealthy places could have more folks because of the exceptionally affordable housing components. Equilibrium in essence will be a culmination of cost and amount ascertained in the micro-level. Price elasticity of demand stems from customers responsiveness or sensitivity to changes in price (Colander, n.d, ). In the simulation, a rise in cost caused a reduction in the need of flats. The simulationadvocated the purchase price ought to be optimized to attain maximum gains, while in exactly the same eon making sure the pricing would be advantageous to the client.That is the stage of equilibrium. Costs above this level would result in excess and costs beneath would cause a deficit. The simulation continues to be powerful in establishing the potency of the powers of demand and supply. In the simulation, a rise in cost caused a reduction in the need of flats. The simulation advocated the purchase price ought to be optimized to attain maximum gains, while in exactly the same time making sure the pricing would be advantageous to the client. That is the stage of equilibrium. Costs above this level would result in excess and costs beneath would cause a deficit. The simulation continues to be powerful in establishing the potency of the powers of demand and supply.ReferencesColander, D. C. (n.d). Microeconomics ninth edition (9th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND. (2014). In Webpedia. Retrieved from http//www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=price+ elasticity+of+demand University of Phoenix. (n.d). Applying Supply and Demand Concepts Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ECO365 website.

SwoT Essay Example for Free

SwoT EssayBefore identifying the potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and curses scheming faces in solar panel market. We mustiness first control the solar panel patience as a whole. The forthcoming growth of persistence and the demand for solar panels is contingent on ii economic drivers. These two featureors include what types of verve will be used to fuel the growth of developing nations and how and where the elan vital is produced.The first economic driver that could potentially increase the growth of the industry lays in the fact that securing traditional energy as a means of fueling growth is ecoming increasely much overpriced with an ever-growing demand. The growth in demand for traditional energy can be attributed to the festering of countries such as China and India. The second economic driver that will dictate the growth of the industry is the fact that over the next few decades developing nations will shift away from centralized energy doin g to more local production.On the grounds that developing countries dont have the current infrastructure such as electrical grids and decentralized energy production is much more cost effective than building such infrastructure (Bradford, 2006). In closing, the future growth of the solar industry hinges on developing nations using renewcapable energy to fuel their growth and leap frog the expense of constructing infrastructure to distribute traditional forms of energy with decentralized production. After identifying the two drivers that will dictate the future growth of the solar panel industry, we can examine the projections made about the future growth of the industry.The current market is over five billion dollars each year with new markets continuing to develop. Predictions have been made that the solar cell manufacturing ndustry will be a twenty- five billion plus industry by 2010 (CSU, 2007). spell the solar panel industry has experienced a steady stream of growth for the la st six years with growth estimated at a calculate of thirty percent annually (Businessweek, 2006). In conclusion, the solar panel industry has experienced a consistent annual rate of growth that will save continue to increase with the growing trend towards renewable energy.Now that we have examined the economic drivers that will fuel the growth of the industry and the current growth the industry has experienced we can began to xamine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and menaces Sharp faces. The foundation of Sharps strength in the solar panel industry stems from their experience manufacturing solar powered fuel cells. Since 1963 Sharp pot has been mass producing solar powered fuel cells. This translates into roughly forty years of production experience.With Sharps solar panel division being the second largest producer inwardly the industry. Another crucial strength that Sharp possesses is its effective utilization of its working capital generated from its sale of consum er lectronics. Sharp uses this working capital to fund enquiry and development and gain a foothold in developing markets as a means of achieving their long-term goal of becoming an industry leader. Sharp is currently allocating billions of dollars to the research and development of new cutting edge technology before industry rivals beat them to the punch (Hall, 2008).In addition, to investing in new technology, Sharp is increasing their production capacity with construction of a new factory in to produce solar panels suitable for the climates in sulphurern Europe, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa (Williams, 2008) pcmag. Finally, Sharp has Just recently announced a partnership with Italian energy company costing 1. 05 billion dollars to build several solar power-generating plants in the next four years. With Sharp collecting royalties from Enels sales generated from the new plants.In summary, one of Sharps biggest strengths is their ability to effectively utiliz e their working capital and take the required actions to accomplish their long-term goal of being the industry leader. After evaluating the strengths Sharp brings to the ndustry, we can begin to evaluate their weaknesses indoors the industry. One of the sterling(prenominal) weaknesses of Sharp stems from the fact that they are head rumped in Japan. Which has the highest production costs in the entire world . The high production costs of manufacturing in Japan poses a serious threat by hampering their ability to offer prices competitive with t water of the competition.Who manufacture their products in countries with much lower labor costs. Another weakness of Sharp is the susceptibility to changes in the tax of other countries currency eroding their sales (Funding Universe, unknown). In summary, the weaknesses of Sharp Corporation consist of manufacturing in the world most expensive country and their vulnerability to changing exchange rates negatively impacting their sales. Afte r reviewing the weaknesses of Sharp within the industry we can now examine the opportunities Sharp has within the industry.With the growing trend towards transitioning to renewable energy sources, there are multiple opportunities within the industry that Sharp can capitalize on as a means achieving growth. One of the greatest opportunities presented to Sharp Corporation within the industry is Europes oal to obtain twenty percent of its energy from renewable sources by the year 2020. Even if only a quarter of the renewable energy quota were generated through solar power, the entire industry would have to multiply their production by twenty-five (Schenker, 2008).Europes commitment to renewable energy presents Sharp with the probability of unlimited demand for their solar panels. On the grounds that the industry will most likely not be able to increase production capacity to meet the ambitious goals Europe has set for themselves. In summary, Europes commitment to enewable energy poses a substantial hazard for Sharp to increase their presence within the industry. With the growing trend of modernization brought on by globalization developing nations present Sharp with yet another opportunity to achieve growth.Solar energy has proven to be one of the best solutions for providing electrical energy to the rural communities around the globe. With 1. 6 million people in developing countries not having access to electricity grids. Sharp has the opportunity to invent and manufacturer solar panel products, which are suitable to the needs of those living ithout, access to electricity (EPIA, 2009). So, as Sharp continues to improve production efficiency and cut costs, they are presented with the valuable opportunity of developing solar panel specifically suited to the needs of those in developing nations.The opportunity to provide solar panel products to developing nations would out the goal of taking action that help Sharp become a global company eon contributing to the construction of a sustainable society (Sharp, 2009). In summary, the developing world and the 1. 6 million people without electricity present Sharp ith the opportunity of new markets while helping to strengthen their dedication to social responsibility. After examining the opportunities that are currently available to Sharp within the industry, we can begin to examine the current threats Sharp faces.Before February 2008 Sharp held the ranking of number one producer within the industry. However, they have recently been replaced by Q-cells. Founded in 1999 in Germany, Q-cells was able to surpass Sharp due to their ability to acquire the necessary amount of poly silicon during the recent shortages (Calflnder, 2008). In ummary, the German company Q-cells poses a serious threat to Sharp, with their ability to rise to the number one position ten years after going into business.Sharp also faces a serious threat from manufacturers abroad, whose governments provide larger subsidies than the Japanese government. Sharp faces a serious threat from competitors in China, where the government subsidies aimed creating a stronger market for domestic manufacturer is three times as large as the current subsidies offered by the Japanese government. In summary, Sharp faces an international threat from manufacturers within China whose government subsidies far surpass hose offered in Japan.In conclusion, what once began as small metal works shop has transformed into an international corporation. With the foundation of their success being attributed to the corporate cultivation created by its founder Tokuji Hayakawa. His emphasis on the importance of investing in the development of new technologies is the reason Sharp is where they are today. With Sharps abundance of working capital, and the opportunities that go within Europe and developing nations Sharp will almost certainly be able to reclaim their spot as the number one industry leader.

Old People Essay Example for Free

Old People EssayNepal, being a village-dominant country has almost quarter of its population comprising darkeneder large number (60+ age group) consort to the census report and it is found that the population of older concourse is gradually increasing. The 60+ aged group people are called dependant and inactive people . Elder people are a vital part of the society where we live in. But it is also a bitter truth that older people are non treated well so far in the family or in a society at present context. The world is moral force or changeable. We all become old after definite period of time.This is continuous and natural process. In fact, when a man grows older, he/she becomes physically as well as mentally helpless and week. As a result, his/her working capacity gets decreased physically. It is beyond a mans control to grow older. As Nepal, a developing country is moving along with this ever changing and inevitable modernization at great speed, it is neglecting the fact t hat elder people are to be respected. Obviously, older people are much more experienced about the most things we talk about in our daily lives.They had lived their action through many a(prenominal) ups and downs than we, so called modern human maintain done so far. We might call ourselves a literate and modern people only when do forbear in mind that only getting multiple degrees do not make a man wise, honest and intellectual. They (elders) might be illiterate but they have far more knowledge than us. There is the condition of being alone for the old people in todays society where people wish to have modern nuclear family. It is also due to their busy life, their dream to be rich quickly, generation gap and so on.Being a successful transmission line man, a son doesnt like to live with his old parents. He suddenly forgets the hard labors of parents for getting their son to a boarding school, forgets the words he unploughed while his father walked him around carrying on should er about giving happiness like no one ever have imagined, forgets the warmth of his return and that pat on shoulder of his father. He doesnt even bother to ask what his parents wish for to keep them happy. This behavior of every grown up children has compelled every old parents to enter elderly homes.So many old people having their sons and daughters in their family have to live separately. Despite having physical facilities at elderly homes, there is not emotional attachment between grandparents and grandchildren as it is experienced at homes. Old age in itself is not a problem. Peoples activities create problems for old people at this age. Due to this reason, old aged people have become a great problem in recent world. Older people are the master of the society. Social and cultural traditions area transmitted to new generation by them.They do have their needs and wishes. They also have the right to live their life comfortably. Society as well as country should address this issue as the first priority. But foremost each individual must be aware about treating elder people. Academic courses should be provided with the roles importance of elder people in the society. Elder people when given suitable opportunities screw be creative. We have read many great novels, literatures written by senior citizens. They should be motivated in doing productive works during their leisure time.Families play an eventful role. Most elders live their life alone doing nothing at all but instead they should be made socially active so that they can share their views among others. As older people becomes physically weak, they should be provided nutritious balanced diet, their health should be checked up time and again, they should not be involved in hard work, etc. Change is inevitable and it should start from us and since, Action speaks louder than words, our good act will lead to success.

Healthy Vending Machine Business Plan

Healthy Vending Machine Business Plan nourishment aw arness is unmatched of the most(prenominal) common areas over which the nifty unwashed prepare started focusing as it is directly related to their health. Irrespective of their background, age, in precipitate, or any other agent they are come to about their eating habits. Based on this very particular aspect, we substantiate come up with our intersection point, i.e. Healthy Vending Machine which allow tar lay customers in a niche segment during its start.Our trade machine pass on be exactly like any other vending machine, besides difference lies in its contents. All the content like snacks, drinks, juice, bars, chocolate, etc. in our vending machine will be chosen in a highly particular direction based on their effect on health. We will be giving very high end cin wizard casern over quality of food that we correct in our vending machine as maintaining bouncing food will be acting as our USP (Unique Selling Proposit ion). We are planning to place our healthy vending machine at all the places where footfall is remarkably high like underground send, railway stations, shopping malls, crowded foodstuff place places, etc. We are planning to keep price of our products quite nominal as it will sustain us in curling customers are they open to fulfill their need in a healthy way by getting healthy snacks without outlay extra m unmatchabley.SWOT(S)trengthsPrimary strength of our venture Good mountain Food would be its uniqueness in the market. Weve performed extensive research and so far none other vendor is operating in this domain. Thus following a blue ocean st set outgy, we will be able to capture maximum percentage of the market without any competition. Based on this trend, in that location had been several eatery take away places that started in recent past in order to serve healthy food in a community which is struggling to get such options. This particular incidentor will act as the pr imary strength for our commerce.(W)eaknessWeakness of this Healthy Vending Machine will be to attract state towards itself during initial times along with ensuring that it is able to form a clientele. It is one of the most difficult tasks to be performed by any tonic business, especially for those which are not associated with any big brands. Being a startup (though with excellent business idea), it will act as a weakness for us, had it been started by another vendor which is already operating in this segment and has reputation in the market. Another weakness would be that well not be able to spend large sum of money over its marketing and increase awareness among masses regarding our product. We would be having very limited amount of resources which we would be spending over its marketing and promotion during initial times. Once it starts generating revenue, we will be able to allocate to a greater extent funds in this domain, but during initial times, forward-looking name in t he market will act as a weakness for our business.(O)pportunitiesIn recent past, bad and unhealthy eating habits of population have resulted into unnatural physical changes. According to a report, amongst most obese countries in the world, UAE ranked fifth. An modal(a) person in UAE is consuming 20% more calories than mandatory on a daily basis. Thus it has become a major problem for authorities to take care of this problem. (UAE the fifth most obese realm in the world, 2012)Based on this particular factor, our venture will pose great support to such authorities and we will get initial knife thrust without much effort. to a fault many of such authorities are owned by government, which will provide government support to our venture. It will also help us in getting required permissions from Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority and Dubai municipality in a hassle free manner as we are constituent them solve the problem along with complying with their Policies and Regulations. (Policie s and Regulations)(T)hreatsAs per our research, there is a high demand of healthy food in almost all the parts of UAE. Also people would be willing to pay more amount of money for this category of food which makes it a lucrative segment of food industriousness. Also it is one of those segments which have still not been tamed by few market leaders there is a high end possibility that many new entrants could memorialise the market soon after us.We ourselves being new entrant in the market would make it extremely difficult to survive for a lifelong period of time in the market in which echelon of competition is continuously increasing. Another important parametric quantity which should be taking into consideration is that after sometime, if already existing vendors like Snackzone, Coffee Planet, etc. also enters into the same segment of the market as they are always looking for opportunities, it will become highly difficult to ensure our survival if substantially remarkable survival strategies are not adopted by us. Thus we need to focus over our mount up throughout our tenure in the market along with taking care of our survival. (Next generation vending machines launched at UAE-based Coffee Planet, 2012)Risk AnalysisBasic parameter associated with any new venture is Risk. There is no way one coffin nail eliminate the risk of exposure completely, but by adopting certain measures it is possible to get the level of risk.IntimidationsFirst parameter is level of increasing competition which will be a problem in near future based on the prosperous aspects associated with this market segment.Although new entrant will not pose such high degree of risk, but they will still make an chance upon over our strategies.Major risk is from existing players. If they also enter the healthy vending machine segment, it will make a high end furbish up over our emolumentability and trading trading operations. Also they would have ample resources to sell products at lower ma rgins and kick us out of the market.Estimate RisksWith every threat, there is an associated factor of risk.Increasing competition over the period of time had already been estimated by us as it is inevitable. It will make an impact over our market capturing and market penetration.If new players will enter this market segment of healthy snacks, it will make an impact over our profitability as it will hamper our profit margins. Although it might not be the case in all the regions, but there is a high end certainty of this particular factor.If existing players enter this market segment, it will make a direct impact over our survival. We whitethorn have to follow a separate strategy for survival, but there is also a possibility that we may get extinct if we are not able to handle the competition.Managing RisksTo handle new entrants, we will have to enshroud as much market as possible in our first phase before our competition arises. This particular aspect will give us more market visibi lity as compared to any other vendor. Also being the first player in the segment, we have a chance to devote our monopoly during initial times and earn large profits which will help us in fighting competition at later stages.To manage the risk of existing players entering in this segment, we will have to ensure that we establish our unique image in the market. Although we do not have ample time, but in order to tackle this risk, we will have to build our brand value and ensure our survival. (Risk Analysis)Form of Business OwnershipDefining the form business ownership is extremely important as it will define way of our operations along with our liabilities. We finish either form Partnership or passel. only when as the food industry, especially healthy food industry is not generally liable to go into heavy debts it is not required to go for Corporation option. We can choose Partnership for our business venture as amount of initial investment is also not extremely high.Specifying d etails of Partnership firm, we can go for General Partnership as it will ensure equal involvement, responsibility and liability of all the partners in the firm. Thus all the owners will also be responsible for any legal actions if taken against the corporation which is very less likely as we trying to solve a problem.Business Goals pursual are the Business Goals of Good Luck FoodEnsure its profitable existence throughout its lifetime so that we are able to conduct our operations adequately.Build Good Luck Food a brand in bosom East part of the world.Provide healthy food to all the people to ensure that they are following a good lifestyle.Spread health awareness amongst people which is a noble cause and also act as our Corporate Social Responsibility. It will also help in boosting our business in long run.Generate healthy competitive environment in the Middle East region so that customers are also benefitted from our existence.Work in compliance with government norms and help it in solving one of the biggest challenges of near future. relegating StatementMission of Good Luck Food is to provide easy accessibility of healthy munching options to individuals and become a leader in the market. marketMarketing AnalysisIn the recent few years, UAE has been emerged as one of the biggest business capital in the world. People from all around the world have come in this country to either open up a business venture or work in some countries. With such a great diversity of people coming in this country, the level of health security has also increased. This gives a great leverage to our product Good Luck Food. With an increasing popularity for one-stop-shop or one-stop-machines, the target population for our product is not restricted to any particular age, gender or income level. But still, there are some groups which can be considered as a higher misdirecting level group and there is some other which is considered low.Looking at the demographics of the country, the total population is 7,890,924, as estimate in the year 2011. Around 71% of the people living in this country are immigrants. There is a gender ratio 7030 (male female).Talking about the main target market of the product, this product is reachable to all the customers irrespective of their age, gender, or income level. But, the play along is mainly focusing upon the people of the working age group and people who are more into sports (mainly kids). As far as the income level of the target population is considered, middle class people and high class people are the main target customers. Main reason for tutelage kids and the working age people to be the target market for the product is that our product will mainly be located in Metro Stations, railway stations, Shopping malls, etc. Hence, the specified groups of people visit these places more often as compared to the other groups.Talking about the geographical distribution about the target market, our product will initiate its business in tierce main cities of UAE Abu Dhabi and Dubai.According to ICD Research, the potential market for vending machine is UAE as per the year 2015 is going to be huge. Already, there are several companies putting their vending machines at incompatible locations in UAE. The popularity of vending machines is continuously increasing because of the changing needs of the people. Today, nobody would like to go to a shopping mall to buy eatables for immediate consumption, everybody wants vending machines they are easy to reach and they are coolThere is a change in the needs to the customers as well. The customer, whichever age may he be from, is now becoming more concerned about his or her health. With such a changing need, Good Luck Food will serve fruitful to the customers because it will be the first vending machined which will help the customers to chose according to their health status.The gross sales of various products from the vending machines will cypher upon the requirement in a particular season for example, in Soft Drinks will be more popular in the summer season whereas in the winters, coffee and tea will be preferable. Hence, the sales of few of the products from vending machines will be season.The collection of products in the vending machines should be set keeping in mind their popularity in the market and among the customers. It is very much important that the vending machine should contain all the food which is preferable by the customers. Hence, sales from the vending machines depend a lot on the popularity of the products kept inside the machines.Marketing PlanAdvertising and Promotional CampaignThere are different types of promotional techniques to be used in the marketing of Good Luck Food among the customers. These promotional techniques used by the company are as follows employ Print Media (Newspapers and magazines advertisements) Not in comparison with the earlier times, but still newspapers and magazines are mostly used by the people when t hey are travelling or when they are not doing anything else. Almost every age group is acquitted with these. Keeping in mind the diversity of the population of UAE, the advertisement will have to publish in both Arabic and English Newspapers. At the starting stage of the business, it will constitute AED 50,000 and the frequency of the usage of the advertisements will be once in a week three months before the launch and daily, one month before the launch and at least three months after the launch. This is one of the most dearly-won advertisement technique used by the company but is effective as wellUsing Digital Media (Television, FM) This is again an expensive technique of advertising. Main target market is the kids, ladies, husbands watching sports channel, daily soaps, and news channels, respectively. The frequency of the advertisements from the digital media would be same as the print media. It would cost a little more than the print media i.e. AED 60,000Web Advertising This is one of the most preferred ways of advertising. In the present era, almost everyone is acquainted with the internet. Good Luck Food will be promoted on the web stations which are highly popular, for example, advertisement will be put in almost every social networking site facebook.com, twitter.com, etc. These are several other websites where the advertisement will be displayed by the company. The cost of web advertisement would be AED 35,000Posters, Hoardings, etc. Digital and non-digital posters will be displayed on various important places (mostly the places where these vending machines are to be placed) like shopping malls, railway stations, metro stations, etc. These are available for all the passing by customers. This is one of the most effective ways of promotion in case of promoting the product through an eye to eye catch. good cost of promotion through these techniques would be around AED 35,000Web PresenceAs this has been presented earlier that internet advertisements wou ld be one of the best ways to promote the product because almost all the people at present are acquainted with internet in the present era. Hence, there is a huge web front man of the product before it gets started off in the market as well as the time when it gets launched because at the present times, it is highly important to continue promoting the products during its operations as well otherwise, its popularity degrades.Location LayoutLocationGood Luck Food vending machines will be available in various places like metro stations, railway stations, shopping malls, crowded market places, etc. These places are chosen for the placement of these vending machines because these have high footfall which clearly means that a lot of people would visit these place on a daily basis.All of these locations would be considered crowded with obviously crowd in the railway stations and metro station would be more than the crowd in the shopping malls as far as the daily frequency is concerned. H ence, these places are chosen because of the fact that they produce high human traffic.As these vending machines would be placed at the railway stations and metro stations in the open, a give out with the Abu Dhabi and Dubai Municipality has to be done. Permission will need to be taken before launching the same. This deal will be cracked in an approximate average lease of AED 100,000 per year per location. As we are planning to have 25 locations in Abu Dhabi and 25 in Dubai at the start of the business, hence for the location charges, the company will have to pay AED 5,000,000 to the municipality.Other stakeholders involvedOther stakeholders involved in the business are as followsFounder and CEO of the company The company is founded in partnership of two person Mr. A and Mr. B. Mr. A has done his MBA in marketing from UK and has a total experience of 10 years in the CPG industry in UK and UAE both. Mr. B has done his masters in Finance from Abu Dhabi. He has a total experience of 12 years in the CPG industrySuppliers Our prime suppliers are few of the very important brands in the industry like Dabur, Pepsi, etc. These are the reputed brands in the industry and hence contribute a lot in the sales of the products.Legal and Auditing FirmCompanys yearly financial statements will be audited by XYZ firm with an annual charge of AED 50,000.Human imaginativeness PlanLegal Issues with the EmployeesAll the employees in the company will be hired with a legal obligation to work for at least one year in the company. This will be a mandatory bond which the employee will have to sign with the company before joining.Projection for the employees for FutureTotal Investment Made42,870,000Syndicated Loan of AED 30,009,000 has been taken from two different banks of UAE. These loans are promised to be repaid in the time span of 10 years with an interest rate of 10% per annum.

Perceptive Fields and the Hermann Grid Illusion

Perceptive Fields and the Hermann Grid IllusionMeasuring Perceptive field development the Hermann Grid IllusionLachlan CoxAbstractThis study looks at how displacement of the fovea changes how the Hermann Grid head game is shown at different omit breadths. The low gear opening was that the bar width at which the illusion was maximal would increase with increased eccentricity. The imprimatur hypothesis was the bar width at which the illusion would increase the higher eccentricity. The study was carried out on 228 participants and after the study was completed it was settlen that the first hypothesis was confirmed, and while the implys showed a positive correlation coefficient in the second hyposthesis, there was not a meaning(a) difference in the midst of ii of the levels of the IV.IntroductionThere are a broad spectrum of topics that psychology delves into, from how the spirit works to how people interact with the world and those around them. Many psychologist study how the brain perceives the world and how it can be fooled whilst been break downn the same raw info everyone else has. However, this study is going to be centralized around the eyes, and how they can be giving the brain false information before it even gets there. This audition will focus on the measurement of perceptive fields at altered outperforms from the fovea. To test this, altered bar widths will be use indoors a Hermann Grid Illusion.A Hermann Grid Illusion is a black background that is c overed by intersecting horizontal and vertical white line, giving the illusion of even black squares (Schiller and Carvey, 2005). This phenomenon was first attributed to simultaneous phone line, which was described by Hermann as being The apparent brightness of severally point on the control grid depends on the amount of black which exists in a certain area around it (1870. As cited in Spillmann, 1994). From this, Hermann stipulates that when there are larger white bars, peripheral con trast is less as there is less black to contrast. This is explained as Its brightness will thus be less enhanced by contrast and mustiness therefore appear darker. (1870. As cited in Spillmann, 1994)However, it wasnt until many years later that there was a new explanation for the phenomenon. A theory inwardly the human visual system called receptive-field organization. This theory was brought to light by Baumgartner. His theory was that the illusion was due to the point that brightness signalling on- centre cells stimulated by the intersection draw about twice as much lateral inhibition as cells stimulated by the bars. (Spillmann, 1994). askance inhibitions will then cause the intersections to appear darker. Lateral inhibition is when a neuron is overly excited, which reduces the activity of neighbouring cells. When applying Lateral inhibition to the Hermann Grid illusion, lateral inhibition occurs when the outer ganglion cells are over-stimulated, causing under stimulation of the center ganglion cells, making the intersection seem darker.Width is a very important consideration when discussing the Hermann Grid illusion as a consentaneous. Braumgartner too discussed how the diam of the receptive field could be measured by using the width of the bar. When the illusion was strongest correlated with the diameter of the receptive field center (1960. As cited in Spillmann, 1994) Spillmann then goes onto describe how to measure the sizing of it of a receptive field. To determine the size of a perceptive-field center, the observation distance (and thus the visual angle of the incentive stimulus) is varied until the illusion is maximal. For a threshold measurement, it is assumed that the critical bar width at which the illusory spots are strongest corresponds to the size of the perceptive-field center. (1994). This can also be adapted to measure the size of the periphery, rather than the center of the perceptive field. This can be done by displacing the fixat ion point (Spillmann, 1964. As cited in Spillmann 1994). Because of this, the Hermann grid illusion can be used to measure both the center and the surround of the perceptive field.There are going to be two hypothesis considered when undertaking this sample. These will discuss how the bar width interacts with the size of the perceptive field centers as well as how the bar width interacts with the whole perceptive field. The first hypothesis being discussed in this experiment is that the bar-width at which the illusion is maximal should increase with increasing distance from the fovea, this being due to the size of the perceptive field centers. The second hypothesis being discussed is that the bar width where the illusion disappears should increase as the distance from the fovea increases, this time due to the size of the whole perceptive field, including center and surround.MethodParticipantsThe participants for this experiment were 228 QUT students enrolled into the unit PYB204 Pe rception and Cognition. By being part of the unit, participants were deemed to be eligible and those who were present the day of the experiment had the chance to participate. No other selection or exclusion criteria was applied to those who could participate in the experiment. Of the 228 participants, 180 were female and 48 male, and ranged in age between 18 and 61 with a mean age of 23.82DesignIn this experiment, the Independent variable (IV) was the displacement from the fovea. There are 3 degrees of displacement used in this experiment, which are 0, 5 and 10. Participants were to complete all 3 levels of the IV, which were randomized as a control variable. The first DV is the bar width where the illusion is maximal using a method of adjustment, while the second DV is the bar width at which the illusion disappears. This uses a staircase method using a step size of 0.04 with 6 reversals. From this, it can be extrapolated that each participant looked at the Hermann grid illusion six times, triplet for the first DV and three times for the second DV. Other control measures used include having an equal amount of intersections in each grid as well as the fact that half of the participants viewed their displaced grid from the left and the other half on the right.ApparatusStimuli was rendered on a 21.5 monitor, using 1400 x 900 screen resolution. No working distance correction was given and participants were instructed to wear whatever spectacles they used for computer work, if any. Participants viewed a 3 x 3 grid subtending 6.6 with the central point of the grid displaced at either 5, 10 or 15 from the center of fixation. Participants were provided a visual target (a plus + sign) to fixate upon, which was setd in the center of the screen.ProcedurePrior to the experiment, particpants were directed to a computer, with their head 30cm away from the monitor. During the test, six different test were conducted. The two hypothesis were conducted sequentially, the first three tests considering the first hypothesis and the last three tests considering the second hypothesis. The first three tests required participants to evaluate at what width the illusion was most apparent. The second three tests required the participants to locate when the illusion was minimal at each level of the IV. These tests were conducted in computer labs with roughly 10-30 people in each session and all sessions happening over the course of one week. Groups were conducted at different times of the day.ResultsThe results from each of these experiments were collated and processed and descriptive data was collected to provide some understanding as to how each of the tests were affected by the bar width. A table of these statistics is provided below.Means and Standard Deviation of Maximal Illusion and Illusion ThresholdAs evidenced in Table 1, it shows that the mean increased for each level of the IV, it was reported that the lowest mean was when there was no displacement from the fovea (Mean = .54, SD = .37). The next highest being the number amount of displacement, 5. (Mean = .68, SD = .38) and the largest displacement (10) showed the highest mean of all the trials in the first set of trials. (Mean = .83, SD = .44). This shows that there is a positive correlation between the displacement of the fovea, and the bar width at which the illusion is maximal. This is also seen in the second set of trials. Where there was no displacement of the fovea, there was the lowest mean for bar width. (Mean = .91, SD = .47), the second test shows the second highest displacement and the average mean. (Mean = 1.16, SD = .47) and the largest Displacement from the fovea (10) shows the largest mean (Mean = 1.19, SD = .51)While means were used to show some correlation, t-tests were also completed to see whether or not the data would be statistically relevant. All but one of the t-tests completed showed that there were significant differences between the levels of the IV. When considering the differences between threshold 5 and threshold 10, it showed that there was not a significant difference between the two levels of the IV. (t(228) = -1.472 p .05)DiscussionWhen considering results from these experiments, the first hypothesis was confirmed. As the displacement from the fovea increased, so did the bar width that the illusion was maximal. 0 had the lowest mean with .54, 5 was second with a mean of .68 and 10 had the largest mean width with .83. These studies are in line with previous studies of the phenomenon and are indicative of previous results by Spillmann and Random-Hogg (1980).However, when considering the threshold DV, the hypothesis was not completely confirmed. When considering the mean widths, there was a positive correlation throughout, with the smallest mean being assigned to no displacement with a mean of .91, the second highest mean of 1.16 going to the 5 displacement of the fovea and finally the largest mean width being attributed to the largest displacement of the fovea, 10 with a mean of 1.19. However, when conducting t-tests to consider the significance of the results, it was found that there was not a significant difference between the results of the 5 of displacement and the 10 of displacement. While the means are in line with current research, to a greater extent testing could show more statistically significant results.Some of the limitations of this study can be the eyesight of the participants. Participants in the past have reported not being able to see all levels of the IV, which could give skewed results as some participants could only take part in part of the experiment. One of the ways to combat this is to add selection criteria on to the experiment to make sure that all participants can see all parts of the IV.One of the ways that this future studies could improve upon this experiment is to complete the experiment with more advanced technology when it is available, so that researchers will be able to get a greater idea of how the eye and perceptive fields work within the eye.ReferencesHermann L, 1870 Eine Erscheinung des simultanen Contrastes Pfliigers Archiv fiir die gesamtePhysiologie 3 13- 15Hermann L, 1870 Eine Erscheinung des simultanen Contrastes Pfliigers Archiv fiir die gesamtePhysiologie 3 13- 15Ransom-Hogg, A., Spillmannn, L. (1980). Perceptive field size in fovea and periphery of the light-and dark-adapted retina. mint Research, 20(3), 221-228.Schiller, P. H., Carvey, C. E. (2005). The Hermann grid illusion revisited. Perception-London, 34(11), 1375-1398.Spillmann L, 1964 Zur Feldorganisation der visuellen Wahrnehmung beim Menschen. Vergleichendepsychophysische Untersuchung der GrojJe rezeptiver Felder im zentralen und peripheren Gesichtsfeldmit Simultankontrast, Flimmerfusion, Scheinbewegung und Blickfolgebewegung PhD Dissertation,Munster, WestfalenSpillmannn, L. (1994). The Hermann grid illusion a tool for studying human perceptive field organization. PERCEPTION- LONDON-, 23, 691-691.